PowerPoint presentations for Day 2:
http://faculty.miis.edu/~levinger/dpmi-3.ppt
http://faculty.miis.edu/~levinger/dpmi-4.ppt
Summary Contents of a logical framework
| Narrative Summary |
Verifiable Indicators |
Means of Verification |
Important Assumptions |
| Goal: A significant change to which a particular project contributes in concert with other projects in a portfolio. The wider problem the project portfolio will resolve. |
What are the quantitative ways of measuring, or qualitative ways of judging, whether this broad objective is being achieved? How theclaimed achievement of goal will be judged.
|
What sources of information exist or can be provided cost-effectively to quantify the indicator?
|
(Goal to Supergoal):
What external factors are necessary for sustaining objectives in the long run? |
Purpose: The most significant change in the human condition for which this project can be held accountable. The change or benefit to be achieved by the project that will result in a change in the human condition.
|
What are the quantitative measures or qualitative evidence by which achievement and distribution of impacts and benefits can be judged (estimated time) |
What sources of information exists or can be provided cost-effectively? Does provision for collection need to be made under inputs-outputs? |
(Purpose to Goal):
What conditions external to the project are necessary if achievements of the project’s purpose is to contribute to reaching the project goal? |
Outputs:
Indicate each of the outputs that are to be produced by the project in order to achieve project purpose. Outputs are deliverables, things or systems that the project will produce which are intimately linked to and necessary to achieve the purpose. |
What kind and quantity of outputs, and by when will they be produced? (quantity, quality, time) |
What sources of information? |
(Output of Purpose):
What are the factors not within the control of the project which, if not present, are liable to restrict progress from outputs to achievements of project purpose? |
Activities:
The tasks to be done to produce the outputs. Indicate each of the activities that must be undertaken in order to accomplish the outputs. |
Identify the main budget expense categories and amounts that will be expended to accomplish the activities listed
|
What are sources of information? |
(Activity to Output):
1) What external factors must be realized to obtain planned outputs on schedule?
2) What kind of decisions or actions outside the control of the project are necessary for inception of the project? |
4 Logframes Drawn from a Single Portfolio of Projects
|
Example #1 |
Objectively Verifiable Indicators |
Means of Verification |
Assumptions |
|
Goal:
To improve the psychosocial and physical well-being of children in the Terai Region |
% reduction in Under-5 mortality rates; % increase in children who fall within the normal range for weight-for-height and height-for-age |
Ministry of Health census data |
There are no outbreaks of armed conflict |
|
Purpose:
To increase the extent to which mothers in the Terai Region invest in the well-being of their children aged 0-12 |
% increase in the level of disposable income (expressed in constant units) controlled by mothers; % increase in the “endowment” (value of health, education, and nutrition outlays) each child aged 0-12 receives from family sources |
Household surveys |
The policies of the national government do not change in a way that endangers recent economic growth gains |
|
Outputs:
Women’s microenterprise network; revolving loan fund; integrated training modules for borrowers’ groups that incorporate health, education and principles of microenterprise; a technical assistance delivery system that enables borrowers to pay back loans while securing a profit |
6 borrowers’ groups formed in Terai Region, each with a membership of at least 25 women; % of loans repaid on time; % of borrowers who rate the technical assistance they receive as “satisfactory”; |
Minutes of borrower group meetings and roster of members enrolled in borrower groups; borrower group financial records; satisfaction survey results |
Laws which exempt microfinance institutions from paying taxes on interest charged on loans remain in place |
|
Activities:
Mobilization of women with the potential to be successful microentrepreneurs through awareness campaigns; conduct outreach to business community for loan fund capitalization; recruitment and training of microcredit advisors; materials development workshops for microcredit advisors
|
Budget:
Outreach and awareness campaign, $5000/month for 6 months; loan capitalization campaign, $2000/month for 12 months; microcredit supervisor recruitment and training, $20,000 |
Receipts
Invoices |
Local currency is not devalued |
|
Example #2 |
Objectively Verifiable Indicators |
Means of Verification |
Assumptions |
|
Goal:
To improve the psychosocial and physical well-being of children in the Terai Region |
% reduction in Under-5 mortality rates; % increase in children who fall within the normal range for weight-for-height and height-for-age |
Ministry of Health census data |
There are no outbreaks of armed conflict |
|
Purpose:
To ensure that children in the Terai Region aged 0-4 achieve optimal levels of cognitive development |
% of children achieving age-appropriate scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (1 month-42 months of age) |
Household sample |
The region does not become food insecure |
|
Outputs:
Network of home-based daycare providers who offer affordable, quality services to vulnerable, at-risk young children; social marketing campaign to help and encourage parents to provide their children with a home environment that is cognitively stimulating |
% increase (over baseline) in the number of vulnerable, at-risk young children, aged 2-5, who are enrolled in quality home-based daycare programs; % of households who can recall at least one of the messages transmitted through the social marketing campaign |
Household survey |
Current regulations regarding home-based daycare providers remain in place |
|
Activities:
Identification of women with the interest and ability to create home-based day-care facilities; provision of training and loans to daycare microentrepreneurs; research into prevalent child rearing practices that affect cognitive development; identification of messages for social marketing campaign; recruitment of campaign spokespersons and co-sponsors; negotiation of agreements with major media outlets |
Budget:
Identification and training of home-based daycare providers, $5000; capitalization of loan fund to daycare entrepreneurs, $15,000; research on current child rearing practices and campaign messaging, $20,000; campaign planning activities, $22,000
|
Receipts
Invoices |
Local currency is not devalued |
|
Example #3 |
Objectively Verifiable Indicators |
Means of Verification |
Assumptions |
|
Goal:
To improve the psychosocial and physical well-being of children in the Terai Region |
% reduction in Under-5 mortality rates; % increase in children who fall within the normal range for weight-for-height and height-for-age |
Ministry of Health census data |
There are no outbreaks of armed conflict |
|
Purpose:
To ensure that children in the Terai Region aged 0-5 are adequately nourished |
% of children 0-5 who achieve height-for-weight and age-for-height standards |
Nutrition census conducted by Ministry of Health clinic network |
There is no significant deterioration in the region's food security level
|
|
Outputs:
Early warning system to identify nutritionally at-risk children aged 0-4; referral system to link severely malnourished children to appropriate support services; maternal education programs for low-income pregant and lactating women
|
% of households with children 0-4 that maintain “road to health” cards; % of severely malnourished children requiring referral who actually receive an appropriate referral; % of low-income pregnant and lactating women who receive training on child care and nutrition |
Household sample; review of case records |
Ministry of Health policies and priorities remain constant |
|
Activities:
Train and recruit nutrition monitors; create and test localized “road to health” chart; research health and nutrition knowledge gaps among mothers; train health-nutrition education curriculum developers; establish procedures for referrals by community health workers
|
Budget:
Nutrition monitor training and recruitment, $10,000; design and production of “road to health” charts; $7500; situation assessment fieldwork, $3500; curriculum developer training, $8000; health sector consultation meetings, $3500.Household sample; review of case records |
Receipts
Invoices
|
Local currency is not devalued |
|
Example #4 |
Objectively Verifiable Indicators |
Means of Verification |
Assumptions |
|
Goal:
To improve the psychosocial and physical well-being of children in the Terai Region |
% reduction in Under-5 mortality rates; % increase in children who fall within the normal range for weight-for-height and height-for-age |
Ministry of Health census data |
There are no outbreaks of armed conflict |
|
Purpose:
To ensure that children in the Terai Region complete the basic education cycle in a successful and timely fashion |
% net primary school enrollment ratio; % of entering students who complete the basic education cycles 6 years after initial enrollment |
Ministry of Education educational census data |
Demand for child labor does not change significantly |
|
Outputs:
Network of Parent Associations
New basic education curriculum
Teacher-to-teacher peer training system
|
% of schools in region with functioning parent associations; % of schools in region using new basic education curriculum; % of teachers who receive support from peer coaches |
School surveys |
Power, goals, and orientation of teachers’ union does not change |
|
Activities:
Community mobilization
Training of community outreach workers
Training for parent association leaders
Teacher training for curriculum development
Recruitment, selection and training of teacher mentors
|
Budget:
Community outeach and training, $25,000; training for curriculum developers, $10,000; recruitment, selection and training of teacher mentors, $22,000 |
Receipts
Invoices |
Local currency is not devalued |
Questions for assessing a logframe:
Does the goal represent a change in the human condition?
Does the purpose represent a significant change in the human condition?
Do the outputs represent "things" (nouns, systems, networks, deliverables, products, infrastructure)?
Are the activities necessary and sufficient to produce the outputs?
Are the outputs sufficient to achieve the purpose?
Is there: only one assumption per line; only one purpose; only one goal; and, do not include the "how"?
Overall, in there a convincing logical flow from activities, to outputs, to purpose, and to goal?
Big Ideas:
1. When it comes to process, it is necessary to start with the Big Picture.
2. Empowerment is SELF-empowerment, but development can create conditions for empowerment to happen.
3. Sustainability is based on local capacity to maintain the outcomes.
4. Focus on causes, not on symptoms in design work.
5. Logframe provides a logical system of project design.
6. Development benefits from linear and non-linear thinking.
7. Beware of the three mistakes:
Don't do the wrong thing, don't do the right thing wrong, don't do the right thing for the wrong people.
8. All projects have the same four building blocks:
Develop Capacity, Distribute things, Build or construct, mobilize people/create awareness
9. Development happens throughout the whole project cycle.
10. Why questions are imperative.
11. Designing projects must start out broad and end narrow.
12. Find yourself a narrow specialization and dominate it.
13.. Focus for better results. Projects have
14. Seeing poor people as a collection of needs is dis-empowering and ultimately not helpful.
15. The goal and purpose are all about people and the change in human condition.
