Zambia

Task:  Develop 1 SO; 3 IRs with one indicator for each and 3 sub IRs without indicators.  

Group Members:  Heidi Feldman, Deanna Gergich, Felicity Hudson, Sean Rubens, Ellen Schell 

Notebook: http://notebook.zoho.com/nb/public/dgergich/book/69918000000004013

Country Profile:

Zambia's transition to a multiparty democracy and market-based economy continues to progress slowly, but positively. During the 1990s, the Government of the Republic of Zambia (GRZ) implemented a sweeping program of liberalization and deregulation, eliminating most major market distortions in an attempt to arrest and reverse the economic decline. Unfortunately, these efforts have been impeded by the country's legacy of corruption and limited foreign and domestic investment. Until recently, this was accompanied by poor performance of the copper sector. As a result, per capita income plummeted from $752 in 1965 to $351 in 2002.

Since 1999, the economy has been experiencing a modest recovery with positive per capita GDP increases of 1.4% annually. Poverty reduction, however, remains a challenge due to a heavy debt burden, weak institutional capacity, and ineffective public spending. According to the GRZ's 2004 budget, the current government's top three priorities are the fight against corruption; promotion of economic growth, focusing in the areas of agriculture, tourism and small scale mining; and combating HIV/AIDS. Over the past decade, Zambia's performance has declined on the majority of the United Nations Development Program's Millennium Challenge Goals. In 2000, an estimated 73% of the population lived below the official poverty line, compared to 70% in the early 1990s. The impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic further undermines steps to reduce poverty. Zambia ranked 163 out of 175 countries in the 2003 UNDP Human Development Index which is the same as its 2002 rating. The agricultural sector continues to be central to the Zambian economy, with more than 67% of the workforce in agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Constraints in agriculture include high transportation costs; weak market infrastructure; uneven production and inconsistent quality; lack of access to market information, inputs, and credit; and cyclical drought.

A heavy external debt burden slows Zambia's development even further, with $6.45 billion in external debt as of December 2003. The debt is owed primarily to multilateral institutions and bilateral creditors. Zambia was approved for debt relief under the World Bank's enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) in 2000. Under this initiative, the government expects to successfully implement and monitor the International Monetary Fund's Poverty Reduction Growth Facility (PRGF), helping it to reach the HIPC completion point in early 2005. Should the government attain the completion point, an estimated $3.8 billion of foreign debt, more than half the country's foreign debt, would be cancelled, allowing resources to be channeled to productive sectors.

The GRZ continues to implement the Poverty Reduction Strategy Plan (PRSP 2002-2004) and Transitional National Development Plan (TNDP 2003-2005), two comprehensive economic and social plans written with the participation of donors and other stakeholders. Implementation of the PRSP/TNDP programs has been slow due to GRZ budgetary constraints. With the PRSP coming to an end in 2004 and the TNDP in 2005, the GRZ plans to develop a National Development Plan (NDP) which will cover the period 2006-2010, linked to the GRZ Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF).

In 2004, following the Parliament's approval of the Decentralization Policy, the GRZ took steps to decentralize its functions. One goal is to improve communications between government institutions and Zambian citizens. Zambia has many active non governmental organizations (NGOs) and civil society groups, several independent newspapers and radio stations, two state-owned newspapers and the government-owned Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation.

Zambia plays an important role in international relations by contributing to greater stability and prosperity in the southern Africa region. As a country with significant natural resources, a market-based economy, and a multi-party democracy, Zambia can play a constructive role in regional conflict resolution efforts and promote peace and stability in the region.

http://www.undp.org.zm/undptest/docs/MDG7.pdf

Problem Tree:

Results Tree:

Results Framework:

Logframe:

 

Narrative Summary	Verifiable Indicators	Means of Verification	Important Assumptions
Goal: Decrease the incidence of waterborne disease in rural Zambia	50% decrease in incidence of water-borne disease in rural populations.	Ministry of Health Clinic Records	Political stability continues in Zambia.
Purpose: Increased adoption of basic hygiene practice	50% increase in population displaying correct hygiene practices in daily living activities at the end of a 12-month period. 50% increase in the number of households who have well-maintained and used latrines.	Latrine system documentation Supply Log	Current Ministry of Health policy remains consistent.
Outputs: Network of village of hygiene committees Curriculum for educating school children about basic hygiene practices Curriculum for educating community (at-large) about basic hygiene practices Latrine request system	Committee meeting minutes 90% of school aged children completed the outreach program. 50% of community completed the hygiene education program.	Meeting Minutes Attendance records  Latrine system documentation	There are no major natural disasters (floods or drought) in rural Zambia.
Activities: Recruit a sanitation officer Establish a system of hygiene committees with representation from local sanitation officers. School-Based outreach program: Research, design and implement school outreach program  Hire and train teachers to deliver school programs Develop timeframe, materials and content for school programs Community-Based hygeine program: Research, design and implement community education program  Hire and train teachers to implement community programs Develop timeframe, materials and content for community programs Develop a communication program through the health centers to disseminate information Latrine system Create and implement a formalized system for tracking and responding to latrine requests	Budget Sanitation officer - $10,000 per project year School-based program (including staff and materials)- $20,000 Community-based program (including staff and materials) - $20,000 Latrine request system - $5,000	Receipts   Invoices	Local currency is not devalued.

Performance Indicator Reference Sheet – Zambia

Name of Strategic Objective	Decrease incidence of water-borne disease in Zambia
Name of intermediate result	Increased adoption of basic hygiene practice
Indicator	50% increase in households with well-maintained and used latrines
DESCRIPTION
Precise description	Real number of household with latrines as a % of total community households Level of maintenance compared to established standard
Unit of measure	Real number of household with latrines as a % of total community households Level of maintenance compared to established standard
Disaggregated by	Location – proximity to village centre or periphery Household composition Level of income of household Level of education of adults
Justification & management utility	# of latrines is seen as an effective indicator of awareness of the need for good sanitation practices Cost effective indicator (not expensive to collect data) If # of latrines increases significantly over a 12 month period, it will be an indicator of the impact of the programs and an increased awareness in the connection between good hygiene practice and decrease in water-borne diseases
PLAN FOR DATA ACQUISTION
Data collection method	Health surveillance assistants (HAS) to conduct the manual counting of latrines and assessment of quality and frequency of maintenance as compared to the established standard
Data source	Community interviews and surveys Observations Health surveillance assistants (HAS) data
Frequency and timing of data acquisitions	Initial baseline assessment Monthly assessments by HAS One year summary assessment
Estimated cost of data acquisition	$10,000
Location of data storage	Stored and managed by sanitation officer